The results of analysis and generalization of data on the quality of the most polluted water bodies of the Russian Federation obtained by the hydrochemical network of Roshydromet in 2010, 2011, 2013 are presented. A comprehensive assessment of surface water quality is shown for 10 economic regions of Russia and the Kola Peninsula, for federal districts and individual constituent entities of the Russian Federation, characterized by the highest level of water pollution in individual water bodies.