The monograph proposes an original methodology and new methods for studying catastrophic collapses and related gravitational processes. The experience of studying individual catastrophic events has grown into an analysis of similar processes in mountainous countries of the Alpine age. A heuristic method and integrated data analysis were used to model the events that occurred and possible, which led to the creation of a classification of gravitational processes based on the amounts of various types of potential energy, the development of paths and the sequence of generating local medium-term forecasts of catastrophic collapses.