The book is dedicated to a significant event in the history of ensuring the security of the Fatherland - the creation of the RDS-37 hydrogen bomb, a prototype of thermonuclear charges, which were the foundation for guarantees of nuclear deterrence and the conditions of peaceful life of our people. The exceptional feature of this achievement is determined by the fact that its basis was made up of completely new physical principles for that time, and the development of RDS-37 in its most essential elements was ensured by the intellectual efforts of a team of wonderful scientists of our institute (KB-11, now RFNC-VNIIEF). The novelty of ideas, the courage and scientific validity of approaches in their implementation, the achievement of the result of enormous practical and scientific significance, the creative work of highly qualified specialists - all these are inextricable elements of creating a RDS-37 that has become a tremendous success throughout the country.