The book presents the works of Russian thinkers of the XVIII century. D. S. Anichkov, M.V. Danilova, V.T. Zolotnitsky, I.M. Kandorsky, V.A. Levshin, M. M. Shcherbatova, devoted to the most important philosophical problem - understanding of what is the soul, how it is connected with the body and whether it dies with it, and if not, whether it retains the personality traits to which it belonged.