The basics of measurement theory, measurement methods, metrological indicators of measurements and measuring instruments are presented. Modern terminology and classification of measurement methods and instruments are given. Typical schemes of measuring instruments for measuring electrical quantities, time, geometric and mechanical quantities, temperature, grouped by measured quantities, means of displaying and recording measurement results are considered. Fundamentals of measurement experiment preparation and measurement results processing are described. Attention is paid to the measurement of environmental parameters, passive and active control of products and product quality.