The monograph examines the problem of the correlation of revolutionary changes and national-state tradition in the historical development of Russia, their influence on the formation of the policy of the new government in a critical era. It is based on a study of the nature, essence and features of reforms and reformism in the completely unusual socio-economic and political conditions of post-revolutionary Russia (1917- the end of the 1920s), when the Bolshevik leadership, which had just embarked on the path of left-wing radical transformations, after less than three years was forced to turn to the path of reforms mainly in the economic field.