On the occasion of the 250th anniversary of Diderot's birth, the Foreign Literature Publishing House publishes in Russian a book by the prominent Hungarian Marxist philosopher, director of the Institute of Philosophy of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Jozsef Szigeti. Szigeti's book provides an analysis of Diderot's philosophical and atheistic views, analyzes his natural science ideas. The author pays much attention to the question of the connection between the development of philosophy of the 18th century, in particular Diderot's philosophical views, with the development of industry and natural science. A great merit of prof. Szigeti is an in-depth analysis of the dialectical tendencies of Diderot's philosophical theory.