The monograph describes the results of a unique project for the free breeding of hamadryl baboons (Papio hamadryas) on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. The project is one of those isolated studies of the Soviet era that have no analogues in the history of biological science. The experiment was started in 1971 with the release into the subtropical forest of several dozen hamadryl baboons, and ended in the early 90s, when a total of about 800 monkeys lived in two reserves.