The collection contains 301 archival documents on the history of the organization of historical and scientific research at the Academy of Sciences from 1921 to 1932. Most of the documents were put into scientific circulation for the first time. The main attention is paid to the activities of the Commission on the History of Knowledge - the first special scientific organization in Russia to study the history of science and technology until its transformation on February 28, 1932 into the Institute of the History of Science and Technology of the USSR Academy of Sciences.