In a popular form, the book sets out modern ideas about space and the bodies inhabiting it. These are primarily the Sun and the Solar System, terrestrial planets and giant planets, small bodies (comets, asteroids, meteoroids, interplanetary dust). Next, stars, exoplanets, galaxies and galactic clusters are considered, problems of astrobiology are discussed, and, finally, a general view of our Universe is presented. In each of these sections, along with a discussion of the most characteristic physical features of celestial bodies, special attention is paid to the evolutionary approach when analyzing their natural properties. In particular, questions of the origin of the solar system and planetary systems in other stars (exoplanets) are presented in the context of general problems of stellar-planetary evolution (cosmogony) and problems of astrobiology.