The book sets out the history of philosophy in Europe during the first half of the 20th century. In its formation, the author identifies six main directions: philosophy of matter (Russell, neopositivism, dialectical materialism), philosophy of idea (Krone, Brunswick, neo-Kantianism), philosophy of life (Bergson, pragmatism and Bergsonianism, historicism and German philosophy of life), philosophy of essence (Husserl, Scheler), philosophy of existence (Heidegger. Sartre, Marcel, Jaspers) and the philosophy of being (Hartmann, Whitehead, Thomism).