The monograph is dedicated to Ossetians - a people who speak one of the languages ​ ​ of the Iranian group of the Indo-European language family and live in the very center of the Caucasus, on both sides of the Main Caucasian Range: in the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania (Russian Federation) and the Republic of South Ossetia, as well as in other regions of Russia and the world. The book contains information about the natural and geographical habitat of Ossetians, their ethnogenesis and ethnic history, economic activity, material and spiritual culture. The team of authors covered issues that reveal the specifics of the social and family life of the people, calendar holidays and rituals, folk beliefs.