The main provisions of physical and physiological acoustics are presented, the classification of noise sources is given, the rules and methods of acoustic measurements in rooms and in open space are given, new formulas for calculating the effectiveness of noise protection means are derived. The main methods (sound insulation, sound absorption, vibration insulation, vibration absorption) and means (sound-insulating cabins and hoods, acoustic screens, noise silencers, etc.) of protection against noise and vibration are described and the effectiveness of their use is assessed.