The book discusses some issues of language research of burning interest, but still have not received a final decision. Of the intra-linguistic problems of language structure related to speech division and the relationship between units of different levels, the implementation of phonemes within the syllable and word, the historical significance of submorphs are studied, reducing morphemes during incorporation and abbreviation, the possibility of using entire sentences and word combinations as a function of one word, the number of main elements of the sentence, the degree of obligatory distinction between the verb and the name, the relationship of grammaticalization and lexicalization, grammatical and lexical meanings, the coincidence of grammatical structures in different languages, the text as a whole.