The publication presents the fourth volume of the publication of unique materials of the archival fund "Ethnographic Bureau" of Prince V.N. Tenishev, "characterizing the life and customs of Russian peasants of the Nizhny Novgorod province of the second half of the 19th century. The life of peasants in these documents is presented in all aspects: material, social, spiritual, as well as linguistic and geographical. The publication is designed both for specialists in the field of humanities and for everyone interested in Russian history and culture.