The monograph contains a modern version of the system methodology of military scientific research of military aviation complexes, the central place in which is occupied by methodological and methodological issues of substantiation of their development prospects and requirements for them. The conceptual apparatus, system of indicators and criteria for comparative assessment of aviation complexes and their main components at various stages of the life cycle are justified. The content of the main research tasks for the formation of aviation complexes solved at the conceptual, appearance and design stages is disclosed. The main aspects of key research methods for justifying the concepts of new aircraft systems, requirements for their basic tactical and technical characteristics, comparative assessment and selection of the best options for aircraft systems from a variety of alternatives, options for modernizing aircraft systems are presented. The publication is intended for a wide range of specialists working in the field of research and creation of military and dual-use aviation equipment.