The book examines the current state of genetic resources of 80 most significant and promising juicy and hard fruit, berry, nut, subtropical and tropical plants cultivated in the countries of the world. The origin and evolution of these plants, their growth areas, the taxonomic position of genera and species, their introduction into culture, introduction into different countries, the biochemical composition and medicinal value of fruits are analyzed. Features of plant biology, their diseases and pests, genes, donors and sources of valuable traits are indicated. The main directions of selection are indicated.