The monograph of a well-known specialist in the fields of Byzantine and Old Russian cultures is the first systematic study of early Christian aesthetics in world science, which is reflected in patristic writing. The researcher focuses on the controversy of early Christians with pagan antiquity on all major issues of culture (religion, philosophy, morality, science, art, etc.), shows the process of forming the actual Christian ideas about God, man, world, creation and creativity, art, image, symbol, sign, beauty, etc.