This collective work, prepared by scientists of the Belarusian Society of Geneticists and Breeders, has been published since 2008 and is devoted to summarizing the experience of using genetic methods in improving private plant breeding. In the second volume, an analysis was made of the issues of private genetics of the most studied cultures in the republic in such areas as inheritance of traits, the use of genetic and biotechnological methods in breeding, and the improvement of breeding methods based on genetic approaches. The monograph includes reviews on grains (wheat, triticale, rye), potatoes, technical (flax, sugar beets), legumes (soybeans, lupine), vegetables (tomato), fruits, forest crops. Designed for scientists in the field of genetics and plant breeding, teachers and students of biological and agricultural universities, agricultural specialists.