We have witnessed an explosion of research activity around nature-inspired computing and bio-inspired optimization techniques, which can provide powerful tools for solving learning problems and data analysis in very large data sets. To design and implement optimization algorithms, several methods are used that bring superior performance. However, in some applications, the search space increases exponentially with the problem size. To overcome these limitations and to solve efficiently large scale combinatorial and highly nonlinear optimization problems, more flexible and adaptable algorithms are necessary. Nature-inspired computing is oriented towards the application of outstanding information-processing aptitudes of the natural realm to the computational domain. The discipline of nature-inspired optimization algorithms is a major field of computational intelligence, soft computing and optimization. Metaheuristic search algorithms with population-based frameworks are capable of handling optimization in high-dimensional real-world problems for several domains including imaging, IoT, smart manufacturing, and healthcare. The book will offer valuable insights to researchers and scientists from academia and industry in ICTs, IT and Computer Science, Data Science, AI and Machine Learning, swarm intelligence and complex systems.