The publication in visual form in the form of color schemes describes the foundations, latest achievements and applied aspects of genetics, one of the most dynamically developing biological sciences. In addition to an overview of the most important sections, including genomics, the genetic foundations of hereditary human diseases are described, for each of which the corresponding number in the database for monogenic diseases is indicated. For students and teachers of biological and medical universities, geneticists, biochemists, molecular biologists, as well as all those interested in genetics and the genetic basis of hereditary diseases.