An analysis of modern ideas about the formation of the solar system and the Earth, as well as the structure and evolution of planet Earth is given. A cosmogeological model of the formation of the Earth and its most important shells is proposed, which does not contradict the available cosmochemical, geophysical and geological data and at the same time leads to a number of important geological consequences. Based on the generalization of data on the composition and age of cosmic matter and rocks of the Earth, the latest information on cosmology and planetology, the results of geological studies of Precambrian complexes, the laws of the early history of the geological development of the earth's crust were considered.