The book is devoted to a comprehensive study of the costume of Iranian-speaking peoples - the most extensive group of the population of ancient Eurasia, which occupied the territory between Southern Siberia and the lower Danube. For the first time in world science, the evolution of clothing of such a large number (13) of ancient peoples over a millennium and a half (from the 7th century BC to the 7th-8th centuries AD) was considered. The material of Iranian-speaking ethnic groups of the distant past is compared with the costume of their descendants of the 19th-20th centuries. and is studied against a wide background of foreign cultural neighbors. This creates unique opportunities for studying the origin of many peoples, the mechanisms of the influence of the clothes of some ethnic groups on others, the role of costume in various rituals.