Purpose of the study: comparative analysis of the level of socio-political complexity and a comprehensive study of power and social organization in the nomadic empires of Central Asia of the VI - beginning of the XII century. The subject of the study is the power and social institutions of Turkic (552-603), Eastern Turkic (603-630), Second Turkic (689-744), Uyghur (745-840) of the Kaganates and Liao Empire (916-1125), their level of complexity and place in global history.