Among the numerous myths of Soviet history, one of the most persistent and widespread is the myth of the role of Jews in "organs," and it exists in two mutually exclusive versions. On the one hand, there is an opinion about the "Jewish dominance" in the Soviet special services. On the other hand, about the "anti-Semitic policy" of the KGB. "Patriots" publish endless lists of Chekists with "dubious" surnames, denouncing their "ominous role" in Russian history. "Liberals" curse "Gebists-Judophobes" persecuting innocent fellow citizens on the "fifth point." What is true in these denunciations, what is a lie? And how was it really?