This book contains a translation of the new chapters of the famous book "Cybernetics" by the outstanding American mathematician Norbert Wiener. In these chapters, N. Wiener gives further development of his ideas; he explores the internal mechanism of such important properties of living organisms as learning, reproduction (self-reproduction), self-organization, and discusses the problems of building complex machines that also have these properties. The problem of self-organizing systems is studied on the phenomena of the electrical activity of the human brain ("brain waves"). The book puts forward interesting technical and biological problems and hypotheses and is intended for a wide range of scientists and engineers.