The work is devoted to the first experience of a comprehensive study of the regularities of the geological structure, location and formation of hydrocarbon fields in the Yamal gas and oil bearing region of Western Siberia. Lithologic and stratigraphic features of Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks are considered in detail. Reservoir properties and thermobaric properties of Cretaceous and Jurassic deposits, basic information on hydrocarbon deposits is given.