The textbook is devoted to the consideration of the main categories of human existence, methods and techniques of philosophical knowledge of a person, past and modern attempts of philosophical and anthropological thought to systematize knowledge about a person, an analysis of the anthropological turn in the philosophy of the 20th century and the situation of the crisis of anthropology. Anthropological views and ideas of A. Gehlen, N. Berdyaev, M. Scheller, A. Gehlen, Z. Freud, Jung, E. Fromm and others are considered.