Marx of Wartof is one of the prominent representatives of modern US philosophy. The book offered to readers is part of the widely known series "Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science," which is published by M. Wartofsky together with R Cohen. M. Wartofsky builds his theoretical and cognitive concept - historical epistemology - on the principles of a materialistic understanding of history and on the basis of a philosophical analysis of the modeling method. The book also considers a wide range of historical, philosophical and sociocultural problems - original interpretations of the views of Spinoza, Hume, Didro are proposed, a number of topical problems of philosophy of technology, philosophy of medicine, etc. are analyzed.