The February Revolution of 1917 divided Russian history into two huge layers. Russian society is still in the latent phase experiencing the consequences of the split of the Civil War. Historians in their research are trying to understand the mechanism of the fall of the monarchy, which gave rise to an unprecedented social explosion that changed the course of domestic and world history. The purpose of this study is to answer the most pressing questions: was the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs ready to establish the work of the political police and effectively use its fruits, was the government able to formulate the priority tasks of the gendarmerie during the First World War, provide it with the necessary material, technical and regulatory framework, did the personnel of the special services have the necessary qualities and training to fulfill the assigned tasks? The book examines the activities of the political investigation of Russia to maintain state security in operational cooperation with the political and military authorities of the empire.