The monograph highlights the main activities of the Society of Russian History and Antiquities at Moscow University for the Study of the History of Ukraine. His contribution to the development of such problems as the liberation war of the Ukrainian people 1648-1654. and the reunification of Ukraine with Russia, the history of education, printing in the XVI-XVIII centuries. and others. The scientific connections of Russian and Ukrainian scientists in the 19th - early 20th centuries are shown, their importance for the development of historical science.