This edition is dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the publication of Lamarck's book "Philosophy of Zoology," the 200th anniversary of Darwin's birth and the 150th anniversary of the publication of his book "The Origin of Species by Natural Selection." The materials of the book bring a number of fundamentally new assessments to the understanding of the evolutionary views of Lamarck and Darwin. A number of topical problems of systematics and zoogeography are also considered. Poly- and oligomerization processes in the evolution of centipedes and the path of wing evolution in different Aculeata groups associated with a decrease in the size of the insect body were analyzed. On the example of nudibranch mollusks dorids and echinoderms from the ophiur class, the problem of the ratio of ontogenesis and evolution is considered. Features of lizard divergence in arid regions of Palearctic Asia, as well as ecological and geographical trends in the color of birds of prey, have been identified. According to the results of the analysis of interspecies and intraspecific variability of the skull and its individual elements in mammalian model groups, the role of adaptation at the initial stages of morphological differentiation was clarified; various intraspecific forms of variability and their ratio and continuity in canids have also been studied.