Classification and characteristics of the main types of pollution are given, classification of methods and processes for protecting the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere from chemical and physical types of pollution are given. The basic laws of processes of engineering environmental protection, including hydromechanical, mass-exchange, physical-chemical and thermal processes of atmospheric air protection from aerosols, harmful gases and vapors, wastewater treatment from impurities, lithosphere protection from waste are considered, the issues of dispersion of emissions in the atmosphere and dilution of hydrosphere discharges are presented, the theoretical foundations of processes and means of protection against energy impacts are presented.