The content of this textbook is characterized by a modern presentation of the theoretical approaches of dynamically developing branches of psychological science, the purpose of which is to identify the psychological mechanisms of the formation of positive ethnic and cultural identity. There are connections between culture, human consciousness and behavior; topics such as cultural conditioning of cognitive processes (perception, thinking, memory), personality in the context of culture (the concept of national character, etc.), verbal and non-verbal communication in different cultures, ethnic migrations and acculturation are considered.