Book "Foreigners. Essays on pre-revolutionary ethnography" is a collection of articles published in the magazines "Living Antiquity" and "Ethnographic Review" until 1917. The collection demonstrates the variety of ethnographic topics, studies and approaches in the last years of the Russian Empire: if the state defined small peoples as "foreigners" and governed them accordingly, then among the researchers there were many representatives of the liberation movement who sought to decolonize ethnography and show the real significance of the cultures of small peoples.