The monograph highlights the struggle of the workers and peasants of Ukraine under the leadership of the Bolshevik party led by V.I. Lenin for a way out of the imperialist war and the conquest of a peaceful respite. The book shows how the working people of the republic, supported by their brothers, and above all the great Russian people, survived the onslaught of the German-Austrian invaders and their accomplices from the camp of Ukrainian bourgeois nationalists. A significant place is given to issues of party and state building, the internal party struggle around the Brest Peace, the activities of the Communist Party (b) U - an integral part of the unified RCP (b).