In the work, a huge language material was collected and classified, in which the features of the writer's worldview and the style-forming features of his idiostyle were refracted. The focus is on portrait descriptions of the last five novels by F. M. Dostoevsky, but the analysis of the material reveals much wider layers of the writer's artistic world. What the author describes is not a portrait in the usual, purely external sense, but rather a "conceptual portrait." The study is important for understanding both the artistic world of the writer and the Russian language picture of the world as a whole.