In the book offered to the attention of readers, an attempt was made to comprehensively and logically investigate the evolution of USSR policy in the Middle East from 1945 to 1991. Based on the analysis of first-class sources (including archival materials), the authors show that the motivation of the USSR's policy in the Middle East was based on the unique strategic and economic importance of this region, located at the junction of three continents and concentrating in its depths most of the world's oil reserves. The book shows how the Middle East turned into an arena of confrontation between East and West and how the USSR and the USA sought to turn it into their military-strategic bridgehead in the fight against each other. The reasons for the successes and failures of the USSR policy in the region during the reign of Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Andropov and Gorbachev were revealed. The book is written in vivid living language.