A collection of works by the famous orientalist, indologist, academician Sergei Fedorovich Oldenburg (1863-1934) is presented to your attention. Religion, poetry and art, antiquities and history of India have always been the main theme of his scientific works. The book includes works that provide readers with the opportunity, in addition to acquaintance with culture, literature and history of India, to feel the era of the "discovery" of distant, mysterious India by Russian society in the first half of the 20th century. The articles and lectures of the collection contain many ideas, of scientific and cultural interest in our time, when there is an increased attention to civilizations around the world, created by the peoples of India, to their contribution to global human culture. The publication reflects the comprehensive author's concept of the historical evolution of Indian culture.