Physical and chemical bases and practice of molybdenum and its most important compounds production processes (oxides, chloride compounds, sulfides, silicides, borides, carbonyl) are considered. Much attention is paid to new areas in the hydrometallurgy of molybdenum and the production of compact metal by methods of powder metallurgy and smelting. Properties of molybdenum and areas of its application are considered. A separate chapter outlines the issues of associated rhenium extraction and molybdenum production.