This publication aims to publicize another little-known page of Soviet history - the trial of former Mensheviks accused of trying to revive the Menshevik party and create an opposition bloc to the ruling regime. The published materials of investigative cases for 1930-1931, stored in the Central Administration of the FSB of the Russian Federation, will make it possible to present a methodology for fabricating charges, as well as the behavior of those under investigation in extreme conditions.