The philosophy of nihilism in relation to the Soviet era, in turn, has not passed the test of time, acting only as an ideological accompaniment to the crisis processes in society. The relevance of the experience of the CPSU did not disappear with the defeat of the communist doctrine. An appeal to the history of the period of Soviet communism suggests that it was characterized by the same traditional contradictions that initially determined the phenomenon of Russian civilization and its stable originality. The book contains constructive criticism of the political history of the Bolshevik period. An analysis of the historical foundations of the system of Soviet communism and its connection with modern problems of state building is being carried out.