Methods of calculation and design of cryogenic machines, machine-free cryogenerators and cryoinstructions, most widely used in low-temperature engineering, are given. Piston and vane machines intended both for cryogeneration (expanders, cryogenic gas machines) and for circulation of cryoagent (pumps), as well as cryogenic apparatuses implementing jet, vortex, pulsation, wave and magnetocaloric effects during cold production are considered. Calculations and designs of specific cryogenerators and cryoinstructions used in cryosurgery are given. Processes occurring in machines and apparatuses operating in two-phase region of cryoagents state parameters are considered. The content of the textbook corresponds to the course of lectures that the authors read at MSTU named after N.E. Bauman.