The monograph shows the history of a fundamentally new type of transport - automobile, which appeared in Ufa and the Ufa province in 1906. Unique data on the first car owners, the dynamics of the spread of cars, the history of road accidents, the folding of infrastructure, the development of the first rules for traffic regulation in Ufa, the history of sports rallies are given. The mobilization of vehicles for defense needs in September 1914 was analyzed. The book is intended for professional historians, teachers of humanitarian and technical disciplines, students, local historians, lovers of motorism and, especially, retro cars, all interested in the history of Ufa, Russia, Bashkiria, the Southern Urals and neighboring territories.