The textbook examines the complex of weapons and the military organization of Russian soldiers in Siberia during its accession to the Russian state at the end of the XVI-XVII centuries. The experience of previous studies on the military affairs of explorers is considered. Various types of sources on the research topic are characterized. The weapons and military organization of Russian service people in Siberia were analyzed, the role of European military specialists and Siberian peoples in the development of Russian military art in North Asia was investigated.