Processes of deformation and hardening of metals, alloys and composites are considered. The properties, movements and interaction of lattice defects are set out in part 1 (Metallurgy, 1982). The purpose of the textbook is to teach how to predict the behavior of materials under load based on physical models. The dominant strengthening processes are analyzed depending on the structural class of the material. It is indicated how these processes can be observed and measured, how reliable their constants are, how long the models are applicable. Important special cases are given in the tasks for each chapter.