The results of one of the first studies in our country devoted to the problem of studying personality by the projective Rorschach method are summarized. Particular attention is paid to the critical analysis of foreign theories about projection and its mechanism, as well as issues of theoretical justification of projective methods. The monograph contains one of the most complete descriptions of the Rorschach method in the domestic literature, issues related to the study of the validity and reliability of this method are considered.