In February 1961, on the initiative of the philosophical faculty of Moscow State University, an All-Russian scientific conference was held on the topic "Dialectical materialism and modern positivism." This collection is a product of the collective work of the conference participants. It contains a significant part of reports and speeches that collectively give a comprehensive criticism of neopositivism and give it a dialectical-materialistic understanding of the problems on which this subjectively idealistic teaching parasitizes.