At the beginning of the 20th century, the time came when in Spain the most thinking part of the nation seriously thought about the fate of the country. Opinions turned out to be many. But one thing was common to Spain at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. - recognition that the country needs a genuine national revival. "After the colonial catastrophe," notes the prominent Spanish historian X. Vicens Vives, "it was fashionable in Spanish political life to talk about the revival of Spain.