The book presents the ethnic history of the Ob-Ugric (Khanty, Mansi) and Samoyedic (Tundra and Forest Nenets) peoples of the Ural-West Siberian region in a wide chronological range - from the 16th to the beginning of the 21st centuries. The ratio of "ethnicity" and "power" is revealed through the identification of the patterns and features of the dialogue between native ethnic communities and the Russian?? Russian state in different historical epoch (imperial, Soviet, post-Soviet).